Conscientious Objections to Same-Sex Marriage - 1460 Words

Research Topic: Conscientious Objections to Same-Sex Marriage: A Comparative Research Study of Scotland in United Kingdom and State of New York City in United States of America Part A: Methods of Research: The research on conscientious objection to same-sex marriage was carried out using mostly primary sources such as Scotland and State of New York Laws, this include constitution and laws enacted by the New York State Assembly and Scottish Parliament. Also past cases and accompanying judicial opinions issued by courts such as McClintock v. Department of Constitutional Affairs were also used to reach conclusions. From most of the court ruling, I got exposed to arguments and authoritative facts about the research topic. The research also made use of secondary sources such as Legal encyclopaedias, Treatises Legal periodicals; Practice materials and domestic relations lecture notes. These materials were helpful and constituted a good source of citations. Through random internet searches, I was also able to access links such as the New York State Assembly Marriage Equality Act A8354-2011, from where I deducted most of the data that informed the position of my research findings. Part B: Comparison between Scots law and the law of New York City This research is set to undertake a comparative study of rule (statutory or common law) setting out whether a person authorised to conduct marriages may refuse to do so (without breaching equality legislation) in the case of marriagesShow MoreRelatedA Fine Line Between Utilizing Natural Rights And Breaking The Law1462 Words   |  6 Pagessuccess comes great controversy as well. One of the most recent disputes over separation of church and state is the Kim Davis trial. Kim Davis, A Kentucky court clerk, was expected to issue same-sex marriage licenses after the 2015 Supreme Court ruling stating that the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry in all 50 states. However, Davis refused to implement the Supreme Court’s decision due to her religious beliefs. According to the U.S. law, there is no wrong in expressingRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Gay Wedding Cake1057 Words   |  5 Pagespurchase a wedding cake. Phillips informed them that he does not create wedding cakes for same sex couples but, that he would offer them...one for other occasions, such as birthdays. The Respondent Partys stated that during a conversation with the Charging Partys mother, he informed her that he refused to create a wedding cake because of his faith and that the state of Colorado did not recognize same-sex marriages. He was left unsaid of how m aking a gay wedding cake would violate his Christian faithRead MoreAbortion Is The Medical Process Of Ending A Pregnancy3690 Words   |  15 Pagesa baby. It is also sometimes known as a â€Å"termination† or a â€Å"termination of pregnancy†. Depending on how many weeks you have been pregnant, the pregnancy is ended either by taking medication or by having a surgical procedure. An abortion is not the same as a miscarriage, where the pregnancy ends without medical intervention. â€Å"All human life form the moment of conception and through all subsequent stages is sacred, because human life is created in the image and likeness of God. Nothing surpasses theRead MoreFaithful Citizenship10006 Words   |  41 Pagesoften divided across lines of race, ethnicity, and economic inequality. We are a nation of immigrants, struggling to address the challenges of many new immigrants in our midst. We are a society built on the strength of our families, called to defend marriage and offer moral and economic supports for family life. We are a powerful nation in a violent world, confronting terror and trying to build a safer, more just, more peaceful world. We are an affluent society where too many live in poverty and lackRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pages. Relationship to the Ordained Minister .................................... Conduct of Church Services ..................................................... Baptismal Service ..................................................................... Marriage Ceremony ................................................................. To Cooperate With the Conference/Mission/Field ................... To Foster Worldwide Work ...................................................... To Foster Tithing .....Read MoreNstp Handouts13038 Words   |  53 Pagesthe poor person himself, in his wretchedness, in his marks of suffering, that we must perceive the face of Jesus Christ. In order to be united w ith Christ in him we must first encounter the poor man himself and accept him as he is. However, at the same time that this poverty constitutes a revelation of Christ, it also embodies a hope: the poor man is called to become the child of God which he is perhaps not even conscious of being. And the Brother is sent to him in order to help him achieve graduallyRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 PagesBy the same author SIXTY STEPS TO PRECIS POETRY AND PROSE APPRECIATION ESSAY AND LEITER ·WRITING A FIRST BOOK IN COMPREHENSION PRECIS AND COMPOSITION ras CARTERS OF GREENWOOD (Cineloops) DETECTIVES FROM SCOTLAND YARD (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) CAR THIEVES [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) WORTH A FORTUNE [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) APRIL FOOLS DAY [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) PROFESSOR BOFFIN S UMBRELLA (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) OPERATION MASfERMINDRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesgive up. For customers value is most often measured by how much they feel they are getting for their money, though the value one customer feels she/he obtains may differ from the perception of value from another customer even though they purchase the same product. On the other side of the transaction, the marketer may measure value in terms of how much profit they are making for the marketing efforts and resources expended. For a successful marketing effort to take place both the customer and the marketerRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagestheories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzberg’s critique, we set out to identify the defining competencies of effective managers. Although no two management positions are exactly the same, the research summarized in the Introduction highlights ten personal, interpersonal, and group skills that form the core of effective management practice. Each chapter addresses one of these skills. xvii Personal Skills 1. Developing Self-AwarenessRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pages2004 9 CHAPTER 1 NEW MANAGEMENT FOR BUSINESS GROWTH IN A DEMANDING ECONOMY 9 Dell. This has also been a basis for the resurgence of great technologydriven corporations such as IBM from the severe down cycles it had experienced. This marriage of leadership and technology capability can also be credited for the success of E-Bay. Some astute investors and managers long ago figured out this power of management capital in establishing their valuations of growth companies—and with lucrative

The Cold War - 1684 Words

Households from the domestic scene were severely impacted by military technology and industrialization during the period of the Cold War, resulting in the ‘Do-it-yourself Security’ scheme. At the heights of the Cold War America was paranoid about the sustained fear of nuclear war beginning at anytime between the Soviet Union. These fears lead to â€Å"Nuclear Preparedness† becoming a way of life (CliffsNotes, n.d.). Suburban communities were forced to prepare by installing bomb shelters, air raid sirens, and teaching drills to the community, as a result. The paranoia of a Russian attack was inflamed by some political figures during the period, as it was suggested that there were many Soviet spies. It caused Americans to lack trust, even towards their household neighbors. The careless assertions meant that many Americans were forced to bear witness against Government, and even agencies such as the FBI. This was the start to unemployment levels rising, as people were accused of being Communists causing the dismissal from their community, even imprisonment. These events that occurred led to the start of a period where design and innovation hit a peak, not only in A merica, but also Russia. During the early 1960’s the United States Government had set off a vast amount of civil defence ingenuities, however they mainly focused on the ‘Home Fallout Shelter’. The home fallout shelter was designed as an incentive to protect families and occupants from nuclear explosion, as well asShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a state of political and military tension stemming from World War II fought primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the start and end dates of the Cold War are frequently disputed over, it is generally accepted that the conflict started at the conclusion of the Second World War and stemmed from the social climate and lingering tensions in Europe and the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union and the United States. Along with economic separationRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold w ar lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The United States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The country boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted for about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, which it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 PagesAs tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itselfRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War961 Words   |  4 Pages1945, beginning year of the Cold War. The development of cold war just started after the end of world War ||. The cold war was the result of conflict between two powerful country Soviet Union and United State. The war was regarding to the lead the world after the World War ||. The Soviet Union wanted to emerge its power to the world and so do the United States too. The research paper mainly focused on various reasons of opposition of two great power of the world Soviets and United States of AmericaRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe U.S. learned greatly after having been declared the victor of the Cold War. Retired four-star U.S. Army general Colin Powell said, â€Å"The long bitter years of the Cold War are over. America and her allies have won; totally, decisively, and overwhelmingly† (Reed 343). The Cold War started after World War II in 1947 and ende d in 1991. The U.S. underwent a political war with the Soviet Union in hopes of advancing more rapidly in certain fields, such as nuclear weapons and space crafts. Avoiding nuclearRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War886 Words   |  4 Pagesin an infamous battle against ideologies: The Cold War. Even though war took place during this time, both powers were not involved in battle directly, hence the name cold war. The war mainly consisted of assumed and implied threats of nuclear attacks and political control over states in Europe. Even before 1945, the beginning of the Cold War, tension brewed between the U.S and the U.S.S.R. Both sides had differing views on Europe s state after the war. For instance, programs like the Marshall PlanRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesDuring World War II, the United States, Britain, and Russia all worked together to take down Hitler. Although after the war, the coordination between the U.S. and Russia became extremely tense which inevitably lead to the Cold War. The U.S. was worried that Russia would spread communism after World War II. Russia was concerned with the U.S. arms increase and intervention in international affairs. The distrust between the two nations resulted in the Cold war which lasted until 1991. In 1946, WinstonRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War was a result of what happened at the end of World War 2. At the end of World War 2, the Soviets held a grudge against the U.S for their delayed entrance in the World War resulting in deaths of thousands of Russians resulting in the appearance of the Cold War .The Cuban Missile Crisis was a significant flashpoint in the Cold War because it was the moment two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. This crisis, while posing the very real threat of global annihilation, also led toRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War942 Words   |  4 PagesFeelings Do Matter At the close of World War Two in 1945, the United States entered another kind of war, the Cold War, which did not involve two adversaries in open battle fields using bullets against the Soviet Union. Throughout the Cold War, incidents fueled feelings of anxiety, mistrust and pride. Often pride is defined as â€Å"a feeling that you are more important or better than other people† (Pride). Mistrust on the other hand is the â€Å"feeling that someone is not honest and cannot be trusted†,Read MoreThe War Of The Cold War1737 Words   |  7 Pages Cold War The Cold War, which is often dated from 1945 to 1989, was a constant state of political and military tension between powers in the West, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the East, dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact. The development of Nuclear Weapons and long range shooting missiles by the United States gave a lot of fear and caused mass destruction. The Cold War came about after World War II when America used their atomic bombs

Preparation of Films for Staining Essay Example For Students

Preparation of Films for Staining Essay Title: preparation of films for staining Objective: to produce a thin smear of bacteria adhering to a clean microscope slide as preparatory to staining. Procedure: A. From broth cultures 1. Inoculating loop was sterilized using Bunsen burner and let to be cool before use it to obtain bacterial suspension from the tube. 2. The bacterial then placed in the center of the clean microscope slide. It also speared to produce thin films. 3. The films are set to air dry before wafting the slide gently on the Bunsen flame to fix and kill pathogenic bacteria. 4. The slide was place on a rack then the stain were apply. B. From agar cultures. 1. A drop of water was place in the center of the glass slide. 2. With sterilized inoculating loop to obtain a minute of bacterial culture from the agar cultures 3. It then mix with the drop of water and then proceeds as broth cultures. SIMPLE STAINING TECHNIQUES Material: 1. 24 hours broth cultures of a. E. coli b. Staph. aureus 2. 24 hours nutrient agar slants of a. Bacillus subtilis b. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3. Slides 4. Inoculating loop 5. Dye solution a. Crystal violet b. Methylene blue c. Carbol fuchsin 6. Test tubes Procedure: 1. By using inoculating loop a minute of bacterial was transferred onto the glass slide. 2. Then a film of slide was prepared. 3. The prepared film then flooded with crystal violet, methylene blue,and carbol fuchsin. All of the stain it let to react about 30 seconds. 4. The excess stained was wash with slow running water. The excess water then blot before dry with Bunsen flame. 5. The slide then examine without the cover slip under the objective lens (x100) 6. The observation then recorded. Question In preparing a slide from a colony growing on an agar medium, why is it necessary to place only a minute portion of the colony on the slide? Answer To obtain a good slide from a colony growing on an agar medium it is necessary to place only a minute portion of bacterial colony. Because a thick film will reduce the light penetration on the slide that result error or not accurate images on the structure that we observed. On the other hand, thick film will make the structure we observed in clumps image or double or three layers, this will affect our observation. Therefore, it is really important to use only a minute portion of bacterial colony on the slide. Discussion: From the experiment, we know the simple stain is used to differentiate the shape of the bacteria, the arrangement, and also the size of the bacteria. The contrast between the one bacterium with another bacterium is poorly observed. Conclusion: In this experiment we are able to produce a thin smear of bacteria adhering to a clean microscope slide as preparatory to staining.

The Popularity of Mixed Martial Arts Essay Example For Students

The Popularity of Mixed Martial Arts Essay Martial Arts is currently the most popular and the fastest growing sport in the world. Having started around 648 B. C. In Greece, the most primitive contact sports or martial arts with few rules or a no-holds-barred concept was called penetration, placing itself amongst the other sports in the Olympic games. (Rousseau) It was an aggressive sport, a combination of boxing and wrestling techniques. In the sass, no-holds-barred events occurred when wrestlers who represented various martial styles competed throughout Europe. Wherein fighting in the early sass, which teetered boxing versus Juju Jujitsu masters. Bruce Lee was significant having influencing MA as he conquered in boxing, karate, judo, and other styles and combined them to develop a tort tot fighting greater than any other. His contributions have not gone unnoticed, as Ultimate Fighting Championship (CIFS) President Dana White has gone so far to call Lee, the father of mixed martial arts. (Mixed Martial Arts 2007) With a new legion of fighters who train in various styles, the sport tot MA has greatly come together, to include the founding of the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 1993, which quickly became an overnight success. We will write a custom essay on The Popularity of Mixed Martial Arts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Mixed Martial Arts has achieved a high level of popularity around the globe in recent years thanks to the Ultimate Fighting Championship, especially being supported in Japan and the United States. With stars such as Chuck Lidded, Rampage Jackson, Randy Couture, Toto Rotor, Rash Evans, and Wanderer Silva leading the way, the sport was venerable to a break through and achieved mainstream popularity. Regular coverage on ESP. and promotion in the pages of such popular publications has shown mixed martial arts continuing its spectacular rise having surpassed going in popularity and poised for bigger and better things. Massages). Besides being a real show of entertainment, MA is a sport of high-performance. As was the case with most martial arts at the time, fighters were typically skilled in just one discipline and had little practice when facing opponents with different skills, When the ultimate Fighting Championship first started, there were few rules, no division of weight classes, tim e-sensitivity, or security equipment. For example, Keith were Giant Killer Hackney, with a height difference and 400- pound weight difference, taxed Emmanuel Harboring at LIFE 3. MIMIC History) Many martial artists held that having the skill could overcome such advantages, that a skilled tighter could use an opponents size and strength against him? (ICP History), It was quickly proved with the many defeats by 170-pound Royce Gracie that the outcome is not always determined by the size of a person. The CIVIC hit success on Pay-per-View and home video almost instantaneously due to the originality, realism, and wide press coverage, even though not all of it was positive. The blood and brutality of the Sport generated a loud and powerful clash. The disposition of the rapidly increasing sport hastily brought attention to the authorities. I_JEFF events were then banned in a number Of States. In order to subsist, the LLC improved its cooperation and collaborated with the state athletic commissions and deliberated its rules to eliminate the less acceptable elements of fights, while preserving the core elements of striking and grappling. Weight classes were established, and gloves became mandatory. Then there was the introduction of restrictions on permissible striking areas, barring head butts, iron strikes, strikes to the back of the neck and head, kicks to an opponent who was down, small joint manipulation, pressure point strikes, and hair pulling. When the time limit of five-minute rounds was introduced, the LIFE had become acknowledged as a sport rather than an act or spectacle. By 2001, the PUC Membrane had completely restructured Mixed Martial Arts into a highly systematic and controlled combat sport. With Mixed Martial Arts booming with popularity, training centers and dodos are tilling up with new students everyday. .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 , .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 .postImageUrl , .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 , .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8:hover , .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8:visited , .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8:active { border:0!important; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8:active , .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8 .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufccedd3a444829dedcfaed39f8956eb8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Photosynthesis EssayMany of the repressions fighters have opened gyms where they train the next generation of fighters to become the next champion. Amateur fight nights are organized all the time in order for the more novice fighters to work their way on getting recognized for a chance to go professional. Shows like Ultimate Fighter on Spike TV is an example of up and coming professional fighters training and fighting to win a chance ATA professional contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship. If not for the next championship title, many people fight for the fun nature of the sport.

Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively Essays

Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively Essays Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively Paper Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively Paper You could get people wrong, Sandra realises in The Darkness Out There. Assess how effectively Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively explore this theme in their characterisation techniques. The Withered Arm and The Darkness Out There are two different stories with a common theme. Both include main characters that change even though they are from different centuries and backgrounds. The Darkness Out There is told through the eyes of Sandra, a girl going to help at the home of Mrs Rutter. Her views and ideas are immature and undeveloped, she only sees the surface of things and is quite naive. Towards the end of the story she realises these views are not realistic and her opinions change. One of the best ways to learn about a character is found in the way they live. Mrs Rutters environment gives the overriding impression of a harmless old lady. Her house is homely, filled with china ornaments of safe, nice characters like big flop-eared rabbits and beribboned kittens. There are numerous mentions of flowers, which she likes, for example She brought out a flowered tin Look at the little cornflowers. And the daisies. These features are typical of a stereotyped old lady, who is deemed safe and trusted. However, in amongst the safe, innocent atmosphere, Penelope Lively briefly mentions there was a smell of cabbage, which hints there may be something more dark and sinister about the place. In the earlier stages of the story, Lively depicts Mrs Rutter as a generous, welcoming sweet old woman. As Sandra and Kerry arrive at her house she offers them tea and puts them to work in a friendly way without ordering I daresay youd like to She affectionately calls one of them, my duck. This is a very conventional way of showing her outside, explicit character. Mrs Rutter has a suspiciously inquisitive nature. We can tell this because she asks both Sandra and Kerry a lot of questions about themselves, for example Still at school, are you? I expect youve got lots of boyfriends, though, havent you? This factor could just mean she is politely interested, but she asks too many quite personal questions and seems quite lonely. It appears she has not had children of her own here, as she strongly stereotypes both Kerry and Sandra. She sends Kerry outside to work quite early on I expect youre a nice strong boy, arent you?- to enable her to chat to Sandra, who does traditionally female jobs such as cleaning and dusting. Whilst chatting to Sandra, she appears quite lonely as she asks a lot of questions and makes personal remarks. As when describing her environment, Lively inserts one slightly disconcerting point to Mrs Rutters speech and actions Mind your pretty skirt, pull it up a bit, theres only me to see if youre showing a bit of bum. Although this could be a harmless comment, it is rather full on to say it to a stranger. Lively also describes Mrs Rutters darting eyes. Some of her comments embarrass or maybe worry Sandra. This is all part of the way Lively gradually reveals parts of the darker side of Mrs Rutter. During the latter stages of the story, Lively reveals more about Mrs Rutter as she allows her to speak for herself. It should be noted that the character is more honest about herself when under pressure, as most people are. The stress of talking about her husband and reliving the trauma of the war make her less on-guard and more liable to say what she really thinks, without dulling it down for the sake of Sandra and Kerry. The second half of the story backs up the negative aspects found in the first half. The sinister, mean woman was there all along, one realises at the end, but this was very implicit whereas it is shown more obviously in the second half where Mrs Rutter tells her story. Lively has thought about the different mentality of the war years from when the story was written so Mrs Rutter is not entirely blamed for being bitter about the Germans during the war, yet it is realised as unacceptable to leave one to die. There is also the minor point about her husband being killed early on in the war, which would leave someone with a lot more hatred towards the country. Lively also writes about Mrs Rutter having a lot of old things in her house The walls were cluttered with old calendars and pictures torn from magazines. She has shown the character doesnt like to move on and is living in the past, which explains why she feels no remorse for what she did to the German and also why she stereotyped Kerry and Sandra. Penelope Livelys use of figurative language helps characterise Mrs Rutter from the moment she enters the story. She seemed composed of circles, a cottage loaf of a woman. Whilst explicitly stating she is fat, the cottage loaf metaphor depicts a homely, traditional woman which is greatly reflected in what she says and does in the first half of the story. Chins collapsed one into another, This explicitly reflects on her size, yet hints implicitly that as she has many chins it could also mean she has many sides to her personality. The writer again in this paragraph inserts a negative point in amongst many positive, stating, her eyes snapped and darted, as if the character was suspicious. The description of her eyes appears again later in the text Her eyes investigated, quick as mice. Mice also came up later on, the cupboard smelled of damp and mouse. The ongoing simile of the mouse shows she is alert and investigative. Lively made the connection between the mouse and Mrs Rutters actions but added strong contrast to her appearance, making Mrs Rutter mouse-like in character but the opposite in physique. This is to prevent too many connections being made with such a timid creature before finding out what she is really like. Only when Lively allows Mrs Rutter to speak for herself fully in the second half does her true character show. The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy is another story in which characters can be misjudged. One of these characters is Farmer Lodge, a yeoman farmer from a rural village in 19th Century England. As in The Darkness Out There, Hardy uses environment effectively to convey aspects of Farmer Lodges character. It plays a bigger part in outlining Farmer Lodge than in the previous story, because there was more social order at the time The Withered Arm was written. Knowing the fact that Farmer Lodge was very near the top of the social hierarchy, certainly above dairymen and other peasants, Hardy clearly enforces his higher status with the way he acts and others act around him. Farmer Lodge obviously knows he shouldnt mix with the lower classes, as this is backed up with the fact he had a son with Rhoda (a peasant) and saw it as a mistake which Rhoda and Jamie realised -What did he say or do? Just the same as usual. Took no notice of you? None. As he would have been brought up in the higher class and probably inherited his estate, he seems knowledgeable on what should and shouldnt happen in his environment. The reader can see he was right, he mixed with the lower classes and was punished with a son. Therefore he had good reason to be wary when he implied Gertrude shouldnt talk to the people of the village yet she did, and was hurt. It is possible to think most people in Farmer Lodges position would have warned their new wives off, it is an intelligent thing to do because he learnt from his mistake. Hardy uses this to implicitly give background and meaning to why Gertrude shouldnt go to the village. Hardy also conveys Farmer Lodges intelligence through his difference from the peasants. They believe in witchcraft and the powers of Conjuror Trendle, not products of a learned background, and strongly stereotype Rhoda thinking she is a witch. His new wife, Gertrude, believes the kind of things they do and Farmer Lodge, in a rather condescending fashion, is disgusted at the fact she chose to mix with them Damned if you wont poison yourself with these apothecary messes and witch mixtures some time or other. He also orders her to see a real doctor and doesnt recommend the conjuror. After setting this scene, Hardy goes against his previous comments, Gertrude commenting My husband says it is as if some witch, or the devil himself, had taken hold of me there, and blasted the flesh. If Farmer Lodge was not supposed to believe in magic it is rather confusing that he himself should suggest this. Although he doesnt show it, Farmer Lodge is probably feeling threatened that Gertrude is taking matters into her own (withered) hands. He is used to being the dominant character, in those days always the man, and having his partner do what he tell her, yet she goes against his will which was unheard of. Hardy is deliberately contrasting her strong will with his obsession with appearances, a situation guaranteed to draw the reader in expecting a great event. As his status will allow, Hardy shows Farmer Lodge realises the importance of appearances. He knows it is important to be seen with his pretty wife beside him, attending church and not sleeping around in the village. We can tell this from his new marriage, he is trying desperately to make up for his mistake with Rhoda by getting it right the second time. However, as mentioned earlier, Gertrude is a strong character and doesnt like to be drawn attention to, as was expected of her. Hardy shows she notices something of her husbands trait Men think so much of personal appearance. We can also see this part of his character in the church scene, Farmer Lodge has a designated seat for himself and one for his wife, again showing his higher status and knowledge of the fact. As in The Darkness Out There, what Farmer Lodge says and does is important in characterisation. There is also a difference in the character in each half of the story. In the first half of The Withered Arm, Farmer Lodge is put across as a stern, heartless, high status yeoman farmer who only cares for appearances. This is the opposite of Mrs Rutter, as Lively depicts her as a nice, kind old lady and Hardy shows Farmer Lodge to be harsh and uncaring. The second half of the story is also like that of The Darkness Out There, in that Farmer Lodges caring side shows through when he finally accepts responsibility for his son. In the early stages of the story Farmer Lodges aloofness shows when he advises Gertrude not to mix with the lower classes. He appears to have no apparent responsibility, however some more favourable early hints show a final good side in the end, for example I once thought of adopting a boy; but he is too old now. And he is gone away I dont know where. This suggests he was starting to accept responsibility, but still didnt. Small comments like this which go against the general theme of the story, which are not often picked up on, are featured in The Darkness Out There aswell, like the cabbage smell for example. The two writers use this technique well to convey slightly different aspects of their characters. Towards the end of The Withered Arm, Hardy conveys Farmer Lodges caring side by him setting up a reformatory for boys. He has a sympathy for boys, solely because of Jamie but perhaps because he was one. He feels sorry for Jamie, his great appearance would be dented if he had adopted as it is a bit too charitable and nice for an aloof lord. Hardy decides here that Farmer Lodge really is a genuine person, trapped in the social status that says he must be apart from everybody else and respected for his position, which also reflects the society of the times. As in real life, we learn a lot about people through how others react to them. There are two ways in which the other characters in the story react to Farmer Lodge, they refer to his role, for instance Jamie is fearful of him when he is collecting the hares and the people are deferential to his face, talking about him behind his back but leaving his place open in church. They also refer to his actual person; they discuss his business behind his back and for example Rhoda is very bitter. As is often in good stories, particularly in The Darkness Out There and The Withered Arm, the authors use of language plays a large part in their characterisation techniques. Although Penelope Lively used more figurative language in The Darkness Out There, Farmer Lodge is described with two main methods. The driver was a yeoman in the prime of life, cleanly shaven like an actor,This simple simile has more meaning than his smooth complexion. Although it merges in as a conventional introduction to the character, it implicitly suggests there may be something different about Farmer Lodge, as an actor often wears masks and pretends to be somebody else, rather like the description of Mrs Rutters face. The overriding impression is that he is not what he appears to be. The other factor in Hardys use of language is the use of imperatives by Farmer Lodge You must expect to be stared at damned if you wont poison yourself with these apothecary messes and witch mixtures some time or other. Hardy chooses his language carefully to reveal certain aspects of Farmer Lodge, the imperatives showing his high status as both a man and a yeoman and the impression of a tough, intimidating lord. These add up to a man who speaks in orders, which although is partly accepted with his position in society is slightly more than that, perhaps as a defence mechanism to stop people knowing too much about him in mind of protecting his status. The Withered Arm is told entirely in the third person, authorial voice. This is the most explicit and conventional way of telling a story, it distances the reader from the events and only when written very well can it engage the reader emotionally. The reader is treated as a distant, objective onlooker, remote from the action, and a lot is expected of them to understand the feelings of the characters instead of just reading them, which is why many people dont try. Each of his points is told so explicitly there is no point in looking into it. Only once does Hardy implicitly make a point, the simile about the actor, but he could have honestly meant it as a description with no hidden meaning. Although simple yet challenging to analyse, this approach all the way through the story conveys the message in a rather patronising, boring way. The Darkness Out There uses mixed narrative, a more sophisticated manner using both third and first person. The story starts through the mind of Sandra, where it is easier to read between the lines and believe the dominant first persons ideas. Many readers are taken in by what Sandra thinks and her opinions of Mrs Rutter, so that when later on in the story the authorial voice takes over it is more of a shock to find out how different she was. This helps the reader identify with the dominant character from the start, although some readers will automatically become wary when seeing the story is told in the first person, as their opinions may not be correct. When the reader gets more involved in the story from the characters point of view, their opinions change too. For example, all the description of Packers End is told through Sandras eyes so the readers impression of it would be that of Sandra. Kerry noticed Mrs Rutters traits earlier on in the story, so perhaps if The Darkness Out There was told entirely in the third person the reader would have noticed too but Sandras juvenile opinions overshadowed this. This is how many readers also get people wrong. As we enter Sandras mind and become her, we make the same mistakes as her. Some of the points made in The Darkness Out There could easily have been made explicitly by the third person, but they werent and this is what makes it a better read than The Withered Arm. It is a more challenging read if one wants to take the psychoanalytical approach to the characters and their actions, but overall by far the better story for getting the message across of you could get people wrong. This is because the reader himself learns from experience the mistakes Sandra makes. All early views of Mrs Rutter are by Sandra and Lively cleverly prevents the reader from noticing until Mrs Rutter is allowed to speak for herself, by which time it is too late, they have already been taken in. This is by far the better story for getting the message across as it involves the reader, whereas The Withered Arm keeps them at (a withered) arms length.

A Group Decision-making Technique in the Marketing Project Team Case Study - 25

A Group Decision-making Technique in the Marketing Project Team - Case Study Example More importantly, the project team would have employed a critical analysis technique in decision making. This means that the group members should have lost their individuality and the possible psychological intimacy barriers that would have existed among them and as a result give objective critique to the contributions of each member. Moreover, the project group should have come up with criteria for evaluating the decisions made (Chen and Kyaw-Phyo 37). This is important because it would have enabled the most creative ideas which were in conformity with the needs of the client company to be included in the final decision about the design and presentation of the advertisement. The technique of evaluation in decision making would have also helped the group to select the best idea through a group cohesion approach and equal participation in the evaluation and decision making. As a result, dissimilarity would have been achieved in the implementation of the decision. Collaborative communication would have been employed by the project team to ensure effectiveness and conformity of the marketing idea with the norms and needs of the client company. Active participatory communication should have also been used by the project team (Lee 210). This means that all members of the team should have been given a chance of communicating their idea elaborately and hence leading to the evaluation process. Participatory and collaborative communication should have been used by the group in the evaluation process so that the teamwork process would have cohesively reached the idea that was in conformity with the set criteria and purpose of the project. Because active participation in communication was not used, it was only Conner who had the chance of communicating his idea to the team. Derek was passive in the communication process and as a result, his idea of the advertisement was not presented to the group regardless of the fact that this idea was very congruent with the needs of the client and the image the company wanted to portray to the market.

The main reasons why companies decide to internationalize their Essay

The main reasons why companies decide to internationalize their activities - Essay Example Porter (2011) identifies how paramount the risks are as they are associated with new entrants in a market when entry cost barriers are reduced or even when technological advancements make it easy for new entrants to replicate competitive products and infuse new competitive forces in the market. Growth in the competition after a business’ products are in the maturity stage along the product lifecycle and when markets are becoming saturated with emerging competition, it is no longer sustainable to maintain the presence in the domestic country. Instead of attempting to diversify the business’ product portfolio, which is not always achievable using existing resources and existing knowledge, firms will seek new foreign markets as an opportunity to build revenues and remove competitive risks. In this capacity, they can maintain the same operational costs associated with product manufacture and create a new demand with foreign consumers as a means of sustaining its profit marg in. Furthermore, sourcing and manufacturing are now becoming a more globalised function as industry-wide benchmarks and standards are being established (Cavusgil, Yeniyurt and Townsend 2004). This means that supply chain networks are becoming more homogenous on a global basis which makes it easier for competition in a certain industry to gain the same type of procurement advantages related to cost and distribution. As emerging markets establish the distribution networks and tangible infrastructures necessary to reach foreign markets, competitors are able to benchmark supply strategies and erode any competitive advantages once achieved by another competitor. Further, the ability of competition to achieve replicable value-added activities in procurement drives another competitor to seek new opportunities to regain competitive advantages. Internationalisation, as it is related to procurement strategies, provides new opportunities to innovate new product development.