Essay --

Please foundert kill me No, No dont have me Ahhhhhhhh Someone help me I quickly jumped up out of my bed as my alarm almost gave me a mild heart- attack. I was drenched in sweat. It looked as if I had been running a marathon.Good Morning sunshine, wake up sleepy head, my Aunt Erica announced, waking me up. My Aunt Erica and Uncle Freddie took me in because my parents,younger brother and sister were killed in an accident. The autopsy showed that the Porsche they were riding in burst into flames. I find the accident quite odd, because my Dad always took care and monitored his car. The detectives say it was an accident but I believe someone had something to do with it. My Dad owned one of the largest companies in Los Angeles. We were well known in California. The night my parents died, I was at home studying for my mid-term, with my boyfriend. They left to go attend a press conference and my brother Dylan and sister Marissa went with them. A few hours later, the police showed up at my house three hours later and broke the news to me. I was devastated for weeks. I would cry every second of the day. It was really hard, I still dont think I will ever get over it. The adoption case was very short. Because my father was such a wealthy objet dart, his half(a) his fortune would pass down to me when I turn 16The adoption process went by rapidly. In the spam of two weeks, I lived with my aunt and uncle. I was a nervous wreck to go back to school. I havent been since my parents died. Everyone in the world heard about my dads death, so I know that the kids in my new school have. I rolled out of bed to endure my delicious breakfast that mu uncle made. I glanced at my font as I passed by the mirror. My eyes were swollen... ...o a man and Jason was coming to his office. I sent the notes to my email address and hurried out his office. I ran to Nicoles car and she sped off. What happened? It was him he did it. I cant go to the police. I want to have my party before my life gets worse. I will do it tomorrow, I promise. I went home and went straight to sleep.My aunt and uncle woke me up with a huge cake that said HAPPY BIRTHDAY in white attractive frosting. I woke got out of bed around 1000 am. My party started around 830 so I needed to go, because I had a rotary of stuff to do. My old and new friends came over my house and we all got our hair, nails, eyebrows, and hair done. We got to my party and there he was trying to kill me. That was the tragedy of my sweet 16. The man that my family trusted was the same one that killed my parents, brother and sister just for my dads inheritance.

Tyrannosaurus Rex Was a Slow Runner Essay -- Exploratory Essays Resear

Tyrannosaurus Rex Was a Slow RunnerEver since we were young we pose been fascinated by the dinosaurs. We have compete with dinosaurs as children, watched documentaries as adults with interest, and watching movies with enjoyment. No dinosaur from the past strikes more fear in the present day to the average person then that of Tyrannosaurus Rex. For decades children have played with dinosaurs and had T-Rex dominating other dinosaurs by chasing them down and destroying them. We have seen it time and time again in movies. In Jurassic Park we saw T-Rex coerce humans, cars, and other dinosaurs. We have even dreamt about it, but if a recent study is correct we are false in our fears. The condition Tyrannosaurus Rex was a Slowpoke by bath Roach relieves us of our fears when it states that, the Cretaceous landscape was filled with large, lumbering creatures that any human with a fast car or bike or maybe even a quick sprint could outpace (Roach). He tells us that T-Rex, did not have the leg strength to hang very fast, if at all, according to a computer model developed by two experts in the mechanical movements of living creatures, and, bring the discipline of biomechanics to the huge and at times contentious debate over just how fast the largest of the largest creatures ever to roam Earth could run.In an article entitled Tyrannosaurus was not a fast counterbalance, those experts, John R. Hutchison and Mariano Garcia provide us with a detailed account of a recent study they did. Their study is described in an article entitled Biomechanics Walking with tyrannosaurs by Andrew A. Biewener. Biewener states that Hutchinson and Garcia, introduce a new biomechanical approach, to the question of dinosaur movement and provide an, a... ...n.In conclusion, the recent study published by John R. Hutchinson and Mariano Garcia entitled Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner, if it is true, has shattered what we have ascend to understand about Tyrannosaurus Rex. T-Rex was not a f ast runner as popular movies have suggested, because it didnt have the amount of extensor muscle needed to support itself for such activities. Maybe, sometime, another study will come along that counteracts this new study, but until then it appears that we have been wrong about T-Rex.Works CitedBiewener, Andrew A. Biomechanics Walking with Tyrannosaurs. Nature 28 Feb 2002 971-973Hutchinson, John R., Garcia, Mariano Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner. Nature 28 Feb 2002 1018-1021Roach, John Tyrannosaurus Rex was a Slowpoke. National Geographic News.27 Feb. 2002.

Macrobiotics: A way of Life Essay -- Food Eating Vegan Essays

Macrobiotics A way of Life WHAT IS MACROBIOTICS? Macrobiotics is not just a diet, but a holistic accession to living that takes into account all aspects of human life, including the inter-relationship between body, mind and spirit. Macrobiotics stresses the importance of a balanced diet because ones diet creates the foundation for a happy, healthy and symphonious life. Macrobiotic philosophy teaches practitioners to lead a balanced lifestyle based on the Chinese yin-yang principles. The actual macrobiotic diet closely resembles a vegan-like sustenance pattern with virtually no animal solid food consumed. Practitioners also avoid nonorganic or processed foods.The macrobiotic movement has become increasingly popular during the medieval decade due to various survival stories from chronically ill persons who used the macrobiotic way as an alternative approach to medicine. WHAT IS THE PHILOSOPHY BEHIND MACROBIOTICS ? The fulfill of Disease explained through the seven stages of sympto mology is the basis of macrobiotic theory with regard to peoples eating habits and its effect on the human body. Macrobiotics applies yin-yang principles to explain the relationship between food and the human organism and a balanced diet. Macrobiotic philosophy defines a healthy person using three natural life processes as criteria urination, bowel movements and breathing. When the body ingests toxins, as a result of an unbalanced diet, its natural healing process produces abnormalities in one or all of these three life processes. most people naturally react to the situation by taking medicine to relieve the symptoms. According to practitioners of macrobiotics, the ingestion of pharmaceuticals only inhibits the bodys ability to heal i... ...d be sufficient. works CitedCambell, T.C., Parpia, B. & Chen,J. (1982). Diet, lifestyle and the etiology of coronary Artery disease The Cornell China study. American Journal Cardiologv. 10B, 18T-21T.Dwyer, J.T., Dietz, W.H., Andrews, E.M. & Su skind, R.M. (1982) Nutritional status of Vegetarian children American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 35(2), 204-216.Furnham, A. & Forey, J. (1994).The attitudes behaviors and beliefs of patients of conventional vs. complemental (alternative) medicine Journal of Clinical Psvchologv. 50(3), 458-469.van Stavern, W.A. & Dagnelie, P.C. (1988). Food consumption, growth, and development of Dutch children fed on alternative diets American Journal of ClinicalNutrition. 48 (3 Suppl), 819-821.Weitzman, S. (1998). Alternative nutritional cancer therapies International Journal of Cancer. 11(Suppl), 69-72.

Essay: Analysis of Sonnet 95 :: Sonnet essays

Analysis of Sonnet 95   How sweet and lovely dost thou make the confound Which, like a canker in the fragrant rose, Doth spot the beauty of thy budding name Oh, in what sweets dost thou thy sins enclose That tongue that tells the story of thy days, making lascivious comments on thy sport, Cannot dispraise but in a kind of praise. Naming thy name , blesses an ill report. Oh what a mansion have those vices got Which for thy habitation chose turn out(p) thee, Where beautys veil doth cover every blot And all things turns to fair that eyes can see Take heed, dear heart, of this large privelege The hardest knife ill utilise doth lose his edge.   First Quatrain   First of all, spot can mean two things to discover and also to stain therefore, the shame that you make can both (at the same time) point out the beauty of your name, that is possibly increasing in popularity also to stain the beauty of your name. Knowing this, we must read the poem twice, one for each possible reading (also find out the floral theme in the first stanza as well). Since he describeds name as budding, (and the fragrance of a rose as sweet), in what sweets can attend to the name, and then of course, the person themself. Now, question first the analogy of canker being the sins thus, as the canker destroys the rose, this persons sins destroy his name (and remember only name at this point) which one?   Second Quatrain   Naming thy name naming from the stories that have been told about this person, such as rumors. (For instance, not too far from this example, somebody you have never met, but the name is known by you, is regarded as a whore. Whether this rumor is true or not, this idea will be attached to the person who has this name. identical idea here). Line 8, depending on punctuation, can be read one of two ways (more duality) if there is not punctuation, only a period, then blesses is a verb, naming is the action of the tongue therefore, we can re ad Naming thy name blesses and ill report as the tongue that names you (rumors, or puts a background to this name) gives blessings to an ill report (of course, the comments of dispraise against your name).

johnny tremain essay :: essays research papers

This book starts in the pre-revolutionary time. At the beginning of the book, Johnny Tremain, is working(a) as an apprentice to Mr. Lapham. Mr. Lapham is a blacksmith. Johnnys parents died in a fire some(prenominal) years before, and this is why he lived with the Laphams. He worked there with fanaticism for several years until he hurt his arm, scolding it in hot metal. After the accident, Mr. Lapham told Johnny that he needs to find a different profession, solely he can stay with the laphams. Johnny, after a lot of searching, finally finds a job delivering papers. While delivering papers he meets Rab, who works with him. Rab introduces him to the rebel underground. At that point Johnny agrees to deliver messages between the groups of rebels.This book is a very interesting take on, if you have close to self discipline. I mean that you need some self discipline because this book didnt really captivate me in the sense that I couldnt put it down. But after reading it for a while, I started to appreciate the authors way of describing the characters and actions in this book.There are several things that I like about this book. First off, I hump historical fiction, and this is the genre of this book. Also, despite the author being too descriptive, the book went at a steady pace. For me, pace usually determines whether I will read the book or not, and I never really hesitated, or thought about changing books.This book was interesting to me, but I think that anyone aged(a) than I would find this book a slight bit easy, despite the fact that the author, Ester Forbes does use old English words that are no long-lived used. So I would recommend this book for anyone between the ages of 12-14, and strongly recommend it at that. Despite the book being well written, there are several parts that I would re-write here I will describe two of them. The first one is when Johnny hurts his hand by pouring hot metal on it.

johnny tremain essay :: essays research papers

This platter starts in the pre-revolutionary time. At the beginning of the maintain, Johnny Tremain, is working as an apprentice to Mr. Lapham. Mr. Lapham is a blacksmith. Johnnys parents died in a fire several years before, and this is why he lived with the Laphams. He worked t here with enthusiasm for several years until he hurt his arm, scolding it in hot metal. After the accident, Mr. Lapham told Johnny that he needs to find a different profession, but he can go forward with the laphams. Johnny, after a lot of searching, finally finds a job retireing papers. While delivering papers he meets Rab, who works with him. Rab introduces him to the rebel underground. At that point Johnny agrees to deliver messages between the groups of rebels.This book is a very interesting read, if you have some self discipline. I mean that you need some self discipline because this book didnt really captivate me in the sense that I couldnt put it down. But after reading it for a while, I started t o appreciate the precedents way of describing the characters and actions in this book.There are several things that I like about this book. First off, I love historical fiction, and this is the genre of this book. Also, patronage the author being too descriptive, the book went at a steady pace. For me, pace usually determines whether I will read the book or not, and I never really hesitated, or thought about changing books.This book was interesting to me, but I think that anyone older than I would find this book a slight bit easy, despite the fact that the author, Ester Forbes does use old English words that are no longer used. So I would exhort this book for anyone between the ages of 12-14, and strongly recommend it at that. Despite the book being well written, there are several parts that I would re-write here I will describe two of them. The first one is when Johnny hurts his hand by pouring hot metal on it.

Definintion of Crime Prevention

Unit 2 Writing assignment CJ212 In the following essay I go out discuss my own comment of horror streak, the relationship of crime legal community of interests to the fell referee system, and talk about two or more institutions through which crime taproom programs and practices be delivered. To devil a definition of crime ginmill in my own words is actually pretty easy. I intend crime prevention promoter to stop a crime before it is returnted. Of lam that is my definition in a nut shell. The long explanation would be that I believe crime prevention starts with the parents.Parents should embed in their childrens minds of what is aright and what is wrong. (Of course either unrivaled has their own free will so they will choose to do whatever they requirement scarce with that being said they hopefully hold back back and what their parents hold in taught them and hunch what to do and what not to do. ) Then after the parents its the teachers and other way that our ch ildren have. Once they are preadults having cops presence plus their just morals that should deter them from committing anything illegal.Of course with all this being said people will always commit crimes we just have to find what works for every situation to prevent crime in different areas. I believe the relationship of crime prevention to the immoral justice system is very important. Without the criminal justice system the world would just run wild. The criminal justice system sustains criminals in kris if its incarceration, probation, or fines it somewhat deters people from committing crimes. It does not keep everyone from not breaking the law because if that was possible than we wouldnt need any police, prisons, judges, and so on.The criminal justice system can go from anywhere from the cops to the peremptory Court. Its not all about the little petty crimes but also protects against corporations over charging on necessities of life standardized food, and medications. In a perfective aspect world we wouldnt need any of this and people would be honest and truth worthy but now we all know that is impossible. Cops help make the communities safer and make the people feel that they shouldnt have to worry about crime in their film communities.Of course every community has their own problems maybe drugs or theft but with cops presence it helps somewhat to keep people in line. Crime prevention isnt 100% but at least it does help as much as it can and its changing everyday with the changes of economy and changes of crimes. As for crime prevention programs there are so many for every community here I will list and describe a few, firstborn I would like to start off with D. A. R. E. Im sure everyone has heard of this program. D. A. R. E stands for Drug abuse resistance education.I know in schooltime I had to take this program I loss to say in either fourth or fifth grade. This program was founded in California in 1983. In this program it helps to teach chi ldren to say no to drugs. It also teaches children that by telling an adult they can help save other children that arent fast(a) enough to say no. I believe the D. A. R. E program is a very good one but they should also give like a refresher course once in middle school. I know that when I started hearing of people doing drugs. Another good program is region watch.This program is where people from a neighborhood exercise together to take turns on watching their surrounding houses. A example of this would be say person is going out of town they may have a neighbor watch the house by bringing in their mail, (depending on how well you know them) they could turn the lights on and off to make it brass like someone is always there. The neighborhood watch also looks out for odd vehicles, or obscure people in the area. I know in my communities we are very close, we watch each others houses as if they are our own.In conclusion, crime prevention is and will always be needed. Hopefully o ne day it will stop people from committing crimes. With that being said the criminal justice system will never go away in found to have crime prevention you need the criminal justice system. Crime prevention programs are over if youre feeling unsafe in your community you should try one of these programs you never know your options until you research and try it out. http//www. cityofnoblesville. org/egov/docs/1226077886267. htmDefinintion of Crime PreventionUnit 2 Writing assignment CJ212 In the following essay I will discuss my own definition of crime prevention, the relationship of crime prevention to the criminal justice system, and talk about two or more institutions through which crime prevention programs and practices are delivered. To make a definition of crime prevention in my own words is actually pretty easy. I believe crime prevention means to stop a crime before it is committed. Of course that is my definition in a nut shell. The long explanation would be that I believe crime prevention starts with the parents.Parents should embed in their childrens minds of what is right and what is wrong. (Of course everyone has their own free will so they will choose to do whatever they want but with that being said they hopefully look back and what their parents have taught them and know what to do and what not to do. ) Then after the parents its the teachers and other guidance that our children have. Once they are preadults having cops presence plus their good morals that should deter them from committing anything illegal.Of course with all this being said people will always commit crimes we just have to find what works for every situation to prevent crime in different areas. I believe the relationship of crime prevention to the criminal justice system is very important. Without the criminal justice system the world would just run wild. The criminal justice system keeps criminals in line if its incarceration, probation, or fines it somewhat deters people from committing crimes. It does not keep everyone from not breaking the law because if that was possible than we wouldnt need any police, prisons, judges, and so on.The criminal justice system can go from anywhere from the cops to the Supreme Court. Its not all about the little petty crimes but also protects against corporations over charging on necessities of life like food, and medications. In a perfect world we wouldnt need any of this and people would be honest and truth worthy but now we all know that is impossible. Cops help make the communities safer and make the people feel that they shouldnt have to worry about crime in their exact communities.Of course every community has their own problems maybe drugs or theft but with cops presence it helps somewhat to keep people in line. Crime prevention isnt 100% but at least it does help as much as it can and its changing everyday with the changes of economy and changes of crimes. As for crime prevention programs there are so many for ev ery community here I will list and describe a few, first I would like to start off with D. A. R. E. Im sure everyone has heard of this program. D. A. R. E stands for Drug abuse resistance education.I know in school I had to take this program I want to say in either fourth or fifth grade. This program was founded in California in 1983. In this program it helps to teach children to say no to drugs. It also teaches children that by telling an adult they can help save other children that arent strong enough to say no. I believe the D. A. R. E program is a very good one but they should also give like a refresher course once in middle school. I know that when I started hearing of people doing drugs. Another good program is Neighborhood watch.This program is where people from a neighborhood come together to take turns on watching their surrounding houses. A example of this would be say someone is going out of town they may have a neighbor watch the house by bringing in their mail, (dependi ng on how well you know them) they could turn the lights on and off to make it look like someone is always there. The neighborhood watch also looks out for odd vehicles, or strange people in the area. I know in my communities we are very close, we watch each others houses as if they are our own.In conclusion, crime prevention is and will always be needed. Hopefully one day it will stop people from committing crimes. With that being said the criminal justice system will never go away in order to have crime prevention you need the criminal justice system. Crime prevention programs are everywhere if youre feeling unsafe in your community you should try one of these programs you never know your options until you research and try it out. http//www. cityofnoblesville. org/egov/docs/1226077886267. htm

You Never Know When

Come now, her text read. That was either she needed to say. Within secants, I was in my moms car. As I drove, I concentrated on keeping my eyeb every(prenominal) dry, trying not to think about what I was about to do. My muscles were tense, my teeth were clenched, and the closer I got to her house, the faster the blood pumped through my body. Confusion and consternation took over my thoughts, making my attention to the road unreliable. I had neer had to use so much willpower to focus on my driving. The world seemed to be rest still at this very moment.That feeling I have never felt before, of total sadness. I felt faint and dazed as if I were falling or dreaming. I expected this was going to happen, but I could never be prepared for it. I didnt know what to say, I was totally speechless. I was burning up, I felt dizzy but not much tears were coming down my face. I had to hurry and astonish there. I treasured to escape or runaway anything to make this feeling fade. But I knew i t was time once I got the text. I Just didnt want to believe it was fortuity after everything.Part of me wanted to scream my heart out and the other part wanted to hit something with the anger that was raging inside of me. I was angry because I couldnt help her even though I esperately wished I could. I felt defenseless because I knew there was nothing I could do. Once her house in the end appeared, I ripped the keys from the ignition. As I ran to her front door, I wondered if I should be sprinting toward this daunting event, but my trembling hands were already turning the doorknob. Shes dying, she told me a orthodontic braces of weeks before.I dont remember hearing anything after that. Maybe it was because her sobs made her words inaudible, or maybe I had stopped listening, but either way, I had not believed her. being best friends with a straightforward girl whose mother was battling sickle-cell gave me many speechless oments. This was one of them. I held the phone to my ear a s I listened to her cry painfully. Finally, I managed to whisper, No I wanted to say, Thats not true, or Itll all get better soon, but how did I know that?Each time I promised her that she would get better my words were contradicted by her doctors. The hospital visits were ending with more depressing news, but I still had not believed her. I wasnt willing to accept that things like this happened to people I knew. Now here I was, standing in her laundry room. She hugged me and whispered, Be strong. Then she pointed to her mothers bedroom. Entering the room, my emotions escaped from me as if I had taken too big of a breath and let it loose. Insuppressible sobs shook my body as I reached for her hand.But this wasnt the woman I knew the lady who taught me how to speak a second language, the silly lady who sang along to Keep It To Myself while bringing us home from school which was three minutes away, or even the woman who became my second mother during a trip to New Orleans Just six months earlier. I was holding the hand of sickle-cell. Pimples peppered her darkened face, and her skin was loose from the charge she had lost. I couldnt believe t had actually happened. The past few months had been like an incredible Journey and this was now the end.The end being she was no longer here, never to be seen again. How do you say good-bye to someone who knows shes dying? I didnt want my last moments with her to be heavy-hearted. Fighting my irregular breathing, I began to list all the nappy times we nad snared. I thanked ner tor the vacations I went on, and for the compassionate, strong, beautiful daughter she had raised. When I finished, I said, l will miss you. I love you. I was no longer shaking as I gave her hand a gentle squeeze. That day shaped the way I live. I realized that no one is invincible.It was a terrifying awakening, and initially I lived in a world of what ifs making fear a routine feeling. In time, I came to a different conclusion I need to appr eciate life I cannot allow myself to take it for granted, because I dont know when my life and the lives around me will go far to an end. My continued decision to be chemical-free comes from my realization that I am lucky to have a body that sustains me. I have learned to forgive easily. Weve all heard the phrase, Our time is precious we shouldnt waste it, but it wasnt until I held deaths hand that I learned to live that way.

Economy: Monetary Policy and Read Ch.

ASSIGNMENTS hebdomadary Point Values ASSIGNMENTS Due Points Individual (70%) Fundamentals of Macroeconomics story week 2 15 federal Reserve Presentation Week 4 15 International shell out and Finance Speech Week 5 10 final Examination Week 5 15 lodge (3 points/class) All 15 Student End of Course Surveys (SEOCS) Week 4-5 Learning aggroup (30%) Learning Team Charter Week 2 Weekly upbraiding Week 2 3 Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Week 3 14 Weekly Reflection Week 3 3 Weekly Reflection Week 4 3 financial insurance form _or_ system of governing body Paper Week 5 7 Learning Team Evaluation Week 5 Total 100 Week One Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Details Due Points Objectives Explain the economic interaction of resources among households, government, and business. break gross domestic product, inflation rank, unemployment rate, and interest rate. Identify sources of historical economic data and economic forecasts. dealing Read Ch . 1 of Macroeconomics. construe Read Ch. 2 of Macroeconomics. Reading Read Ch. 6 of Macroeconomics. Reading Read Ch. 7 of Macroeconomics. Reading Read Ch. 8 of Macroeconomics. Reading Read this weeks electronic Reserve Readings. Participation go into in class reciprocation. 11/26/12 3 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. Week deuce Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Details Due Points Objectives Analyze the impact of various factors on aggregate demand and supply. Evaluate the effectiveness of changes in financial policies using Keynesian and Classical models. Reading Read Ch. 10 of Macroeconomics. Reading Read Ch. 12 of Macroeconomics. Participation Participate in class discussion. 12/03/12 3 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. Individual Resource Figure 3-1 in Ch. 3 of Macroeconomics. 12/03/12 15 Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Part 1 Describe the following terms in your words. Gross domestic product (GDP) Real GDP Nominal GDP Unemployment rate ostentatiousness rate Interest rate Part 2 Consider the following examples of economic activities Purchasing of groceries Massive layoff of employees Decrease in taxes Describe how each of these activities involves government, households, and businesses. Describe the flow of resources from unrivaled entity to another for each activity. put out a 750- to 1,250-word paper summarizing the results. Learning Team Develop a list of resources you might use to rumple historical economic data as well as 12/03/12 3 Weekly Reflection economic forecast data. Explain how and wherefore each source is valuable and useful. Identify any quantitative or qualitative forecasting factors contained in the sources. Discuss this weeks objectives with your team. Your discussion should allow in the topics you feel comfortable with, any topics you struggled with, and how the weekly topics relate to application in your field. Write a 350- to 700-word paper that details your teams findings. Week Three M unitarytary Policy Details Due Points Objectives Assess the factors contributing to the establishment of general and specific evaluate of interest. Explain the role of the Federal Reserve System in plan and implementing U. S. onetary policies. Analyze how the money multiplier effect facilitates the creation of money. Reading Read Ch. 11 of Macroeconomics. Reading Read Ch. 13 of Macroeconomics. Reading Read Ch. 14 of Macroeconomics. Participation Participate in class discussion. 12/10/12 3 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. Learning Team For this assignment, you will study from the following options 12/10/12 14 Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Option 1 Economic Advisement Paper Option 2 Economic Critique Read the instructions in the University of Phoenix Material Aggregate Demand and Supply Models located on the student website and select one option to complete the assignment. Learning Team Discuss this weeks objectives with your team.Your discussion should include the topics you 12/10/12 3 Weekly Reflection feel comfortable with, any topics you struggled with, and how the weekly topics relate to application in your field. Write a 350- to 700- word paper detailing the findings of your discussion. Week Four Fiscal Policy Politics, Deficits, and Debt Details Due Points Objectives Analyze the influence of deficit, surplus, and debt on the health of the U. S. macro thrift. Reading Read Ch. 17 of Macroeconomics. Reading Read Ch. 18 of Macroeconomics. Participation Participate in class discussion. 12/17/12 3 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. Individual Your boss has chosen you to give a presentation to a number of foreign officials regarding 12/17/12 15 Federal Reserve the fall in States Federal Reserve System. These officials argon solid interested in doing Presentation business in the join States, but they would like to learn more about the Fed, how it operates and how its actions may affect their business. Develop a 5- to 10-slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation. Address the following questions and include a notes page which contains the write-up portion to each question What be the factors that would influence the Federal Reserve in adjusting the discount rate? How does the discount rate affect the decisions of banks in setting their specific interest rates? How does monetary policy control the money supply and inflation? How does a stimulus program (through the money multiplier) affect the money supply? What real indictors argon evident that there is too much or too little(a) money wi thin the economy and how is monetary policy aiming to adjust this? How do the above factors impact individual businesses? Learning Team Discuss this weeks objectives with your team. Your discussion should include the topics you 12/17/12 3 Weekly Reflection feel comfortable with, any topics you struggled with, and how the weekly topics relate to application in your field. Prepare a 350- to 700- word paper detailing the findings of your discussion. Week Five International Trade and Finance Details Due Points Objectives Analyze the make of global wiliness on the U. S. macroeconomy. Explain how foreign exchange rates are determined. Analyze the impact of trade restrictions, tariffs, and quotas on the U. S. macroeconomy. Reading Read Ch. 19 of Macroeconomics. Reading Read Ch. 20 of Macroeconomics. Reading Read Ch. 21 of Macroeconomics. Participation Participate in class discussion. 01/07/13 3 Discussion Questions Respond to weekl y discussion questions. Individual Resources Macroeconomics 01/07/13 15 Final Examination Click the link to the Final Examination on your student website. Complete the Final Examination. You are allowed one attempt to complete the exam, which is timed and must be completed in 3 hours. Results are auto graded and sent to your instructor. Note. Final Examination questions are adapted from Macroeconomics. Individual Assume that you have been appointed as the Speaker of the House.You must deliver a speech 01/07/13 10 International Trade and about the current state of the U. S. macroeconomy to a number of amateur reporters who are Finance Speech unfamiliar with economics. Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word speech in impartial terms and concepts that focus on multinational trade and foreign exchange rates. Integrate a summary of your answers to the following questions and cite external research to upgrade justify your facts What happens when there is a surplus of imports brought into the U. S.? Cite a specific example of a product with an import surplus, and the impact that has on the U. S. businesses and consumers involved. What are the effects of international trade to GDP, domestic trades and university students? How do government choices in regards to tariffs and quotas affect international relations and trade? What are foreign exchange rates? How are they determined? why doesnt the U. S. simply restrict all goods coming in from China? Why cant the U. S. just minimize the come of imports coming in from all other countries? Learning Team Discuss within your Learning Team how and why the U. S. s deficit, surplus and debt have an 01/07/13 7 Fiscal Policy Paper effect on the following Tax payers Future Social Security and Medicare users Unemployed individuals University of Phoenix student The United States financial rep utation on an international level A domestic automotive manufacturing (exporter) An Italian clothing company (importer) GDP Write a 500- to 700-word paper summarizing the results. Optional Discussion Questions Week One Discussion Questions Why is economics considered a social science? What role does economics bout in your personal and professional lives? What is the difference between real and nominal GDP? Does GDP accurately reflect the nations welfare? Why or why not? How can a countrys GDP be manipulated? In your opinion, is the U. S. GDP being manipulated? Explain your answer. What are the unalike types of unemployment? How do they affect the economy in terms of growth, labor force, and price of labor? Cite specific examples to support your repartee. Identify economic factors that affect the real GDP, the unemployment rate, the inflation rate, and a key interest rate. How do you predict the economy will perform in the next two years given the curre nt state of two of the economic factors you identified? How might your organization be affected by these changes? Week Two Discussion Questions Explain the viewpoints of classical and Keynesian economists. How did the economy that existed at the time of these theories influence them? Which theory is more appropriate for the economy today? Why? Why do Keynesian economists believe market forces do not automatically adjust for unemployment and inflation?What is their solution for stabilizing economic fluctuations? Why do they believe changes in government spending affect the economy differently than changes in income taxes? In your opinion, which two determinates currently have the greatest impact on aggregate demand and supply? Justify your response with an example. What is the difference between contractionary and expansionary fiscal policies? Which is more appropriate today? Explain your answer. How might contractionary and expansionary fiscal policies affect your organization? Week Three Discussion Questions What are the uses of money? How do commercial banks and Federal banks create money?Is monetary policy conducted independently in the United States? Explain your answer. Is it important for monetary policy to remain independent from all parties? Why or why not? What is the difference between contractionary and expansionary monetary policy? What is the intention of each policy downstairs a depression, recession, or robust economy? Which type of monetary policy is more appropriate today and why? What happens to the money supply, interest rates, and the economy if the Federal Reserve is a net seller of government bonds? What happens to the money supply, interest rates, and the economy if the Federal Reserve is a net buyer of government bonds.Why would the government implement a stimulus program into the economy? Rank the factors that contribute to the discount interest rate from most important to least important. Justify your rankings. Week Four Disc ussion Questions How does a government budget deficit affect the economy? Identify two periods in recent history in which the United States has run budget deficits. What were the reasons for the deficits during those time periods? How does a government budget surplus affect the U. S. economy? Identify two periods in recent history in which the United States has run budget surpluses. What were the reasons for the surpluses during those time periods? What are the potential consequences of a country having a large overall debt? If you were in the position to implement a solution for the countrys long-term debt, what would it be and why? What are the positive and negative aspects of budget deficits and surpluses? What policy is best for todays economy? Explain your answer. Week Five Discussion Questions Explain how foreign exchange rates are determined. How do changes in interest rates, inflation, productivity, and income affect exchange rates? What are the advantages and disadvanta ges of a weak versus a strong dollar for imports, exports, international and domestic markets? Who benefits from a tariff or quota? Who loses?Why would domestic markets benefit from protectionist trade policies? How do protectionist trade policies affect a governments wealth and fiscal policy? What is the effect of a trade surplus? What is the effect of a trade deficit? How do trade deficits and surpluses affect the industry in which you work? Why are trade agreements important for the various countries involved? How is international trade related to the U. S. standard of living as opposed to the standard of living of a small industrial nation or a ontogeny nation? How does international trade affect a countrys standard of living? What impact does it have on the way Americans live life, spend, consume, and so on.?

Norman Rockwell and Aaron Copland: Great American Artists Essay

Illustrator Norman Rockwell along with composer and musician Aaron Copland were two well known American artists individu bothy having an enormous impact on society with their art and music. Rockwells paintings and illustrations depicted the perfect and serene American way of life a style for which scholars criticized him for. Copland was considered an outsider in many ways he was the foremost American composer to give the United States and its people their own distinct musical language. Norman Rockwell and Aaron Copland each contributed a wonderfully unique and meaningful form of art and music, each argon distinctly American in e precise sense of the word.Norman Rockwells The Four libertys Norman Rockwell was one of the most well known American artists of the twentieth century. Rockwells style as an illustrator and painter was used purposely to portray a happy and carefree life that was full of American nostalgia a clean and simple country lifestyle. As a young adult his goal was to land a cover on the Saturday Evening Post for which he at long last illustrated 321 covers in over 47 years. As a proud American, Rockwell was a tremendous supporter of his country and the United States military.When World War II arrived President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered a delivery to congress which defined the four essential freedoms for all Americans. Inspired by President Roosevelts words, Rockwell inflexible to illustrate the speech through four paintings called The Four Freedoms (Biography Today, 2010). Norman Rockwells works generally touched upon the simple country life without controversy, fear, anger or ugliness involved. except with the outbreak of World War II Rockwell felt compelled to do something for his country.The Four Freedoms had both social and political effects on the war effort and brought Rockwell into a assorted realm from which people were used to. The Four Freedoms represented Freedom of Speech and expression throughout the world Freedom from Fear in hoping for a reduction in armaments so that the world may live in quiescence Freedom of Worship so that each person can idolization their God in their own way and Freedom from Want an economic understanding throughout the world that every nation will enjoy peace and security.Freedom of Speech is a painting that is represented by a working class man standing up to speak publicly. While Freedom from Fear portrays a couple tucking their children into bed the father is holding a newspaper with a headline speaking of the war. Freedom of Worship portrays many different people in individual prayer and finally the most well known of the four, Freedom from Want is a painting of an elderly woman placing a roasted turkey before her happy family. Each painting eventually made its way into the Saturday Evening Post and was accompanied by an essay create verbally by different authors.Carlos Bulosan, a Filipino-American writer composed the essay for Freedom from Want and expressed so e loquently what he felt was the American model It is the dignity of the individual to live in a society of free men, where the spirit of understanding and belief exist of understanding that all men are equal that all men, whatever their color, race, religion or estate, should be given equal opportunity to serve themselves and each other according to their needs and abilities. (Janairo, 2011). aft(prenominal) the Saturday Evening Post published The Four Freedoms in their magazine the paintings began a tour around the United States in an effort to support the war eventually raising more than $133 million in war bonds and stamps. Stephanie Plunkett, the deputy director and chief curator of the Norman Rockwell Museum stated that Rockwell as an artist was known for magnanimous more attention to lifes simple moments. However, with The Four Freedoms there was an opportunity for Rockwell to leave an enormous impact on Americans and their feelings for what was occurring in the world during that time.Plunkett states that the images were of grand inspiration to our nation at a time when it was needed. Today The Four Freedoms continue to resonate the importance of society and the world condition, carrying the same messages that Rockwell had intended when he painted them over 70 years ago (Janairo, 2010). Aaron Coplands Appalachian Spring Aaron Copland was probably one of the best known and well respected American composers of the twentieth century.While Copland studied composition overseas in France his desire was to make a unique American musical style he accomplished this by incorporating traditional American music such as jazz and folk into his classical compositions. Copland set American classical music apart from all other styles and gave Americans a music to call our own. Due to his unique avant-garde style Copland was approached by American choreographer Martha Graham. Graham asked Copland to compose a ballet that would amount of money up the lives of people l iving through times of peace and struggle.This resulted in Appalachian Spring, a 14 movement work depicting a shaker wedding and the emotions and events associated with it (Scher, 2005). Copland worked under the title of Ballet for Martha which he used throughout his creative process. However, just days before the debut performance Graham decided to change the title to Appalachian Spring simply because she just liked the name. In fact, Graham was inspired by this phrase from poet Hart genus Grus O Appalachian Spring I gained the ledge Steep, inaccessible smile that eastward bendsAnd northward reaches in that violet wedge Of Adirondack wisped of azure wands Copland complied with the name, as well as with numerous plot revisions by Graham with no change to the music (Scher 2005). Following several performances audience members commented to Copland that they could imagine the Appalachians and feel spring, uncomplete of which he had initially envisioned when composing the score (Kenna rd & Saffa, 2006). Aaron Coplands social and political belief of the Shaker peoples was evident in the context of Appalachian Spring.The Shakers as a group of people incorporated dance and music into their everyday lives, similar as to how the ballet portrays them. Appalachian Spring is an extended metaphor on peace and war. During the time that Copland was composing the piece there was much turbulence occurring within America and the world World War II was reaching its climax, epoch America and Japan were on edge with one another. This is reflective as the ballet begins with an atmospheric almost ethereal sound, like little wisps of fog previous(predicate) in the morning.Eventually it clears up and things give way to a wedding, which most of the ballet is compromised of. Following the wedding a demon-like creature made of fire and native sulfur arrives to tell the just happily married couple that they will have to sacrifice something in order to remain happy together. When the cr eature departs, the couple reflects on their newfound knowledge and they live happily ever after we are then reminded that with happiness and freedom there is a price one essential pay (Kennard & Saffa, 2006). Copland and Graham were both modernists, determined to move their respective fields of art forward.They first collaborated in 1931, when Graham did a solo dance to Coplands controversial and extremely challenging Piano Variations (written in 1930) entitled Dithyrambic. Later, the two worked together on another dance project, entitled Lamentations. Appalachian Spring is the first ballet in which the two collaborated by featuring a full ensemble, there were multiple dancers and the music was easier to listen to. The original ensemble was to be made up of 12 musicians due to the fact that the ballet was short in length and the music and dance were both simply done.However, Copland insisted on a group of 13 musicians in later years the piece would eventually be arranged into a su ite for full orchestra. The score consisted mainly of a sort of paper and variations on the old Shaker dance tune Simple Gifts, which arguably gives the piece its ultimate American feel. Copland scholar Howard Pollack stated that the piece Appalachian Spring made both Copland and Graham renowned artists (Scher, 2005). Norman Rockwell and Aaron Copland were both iconic American artists in their own rights. Each of these men brought a very specific Americana to their works touching upon the heart and soul of all Americans.Rockwell expressed through his illustrations and paintings pure and simple American nostalgia. Copland on the other hand gave Americans a musical language that we could finally call our own. He possessed an ability that allowed for the listener to paint a picture of a great America in their mind when listening to his majestic compositions. Both Norman Rockwell and Aaron Copland were wonderful artists who have left a very specific and indelible mark on American cultu re and society their artistic contributions will forever be woven into the fabric of the American dream.

Import & Export Financing

IMPORT FINANCING Background Like other developing countries, Pakistans im manner bill exceeds exports. Therefore, it faces scarcity of foreign vary to gather its import requirements. According to daily DAWN dated 18th November 2012, Pakistans foreign exchange reserves were USD 13. 84 Billion at the week stop as on 9th November 2012. Gap between the import and export bills is parti every last(predicate)y covered by regulations, controls and measures exercised by State Bank of Pakistan and partially by the global character reference, aid, loan agencies like International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB).State Bank of Pakistan keeps control at a m, over this unbalance by imposing cash margin restrictions on import of general items from time to time. This is done in order to restrict imports and to allow import of plainly necessary items to fulfill genuine requirements and to discourage import of non-commercial and luxury items. CASE cartoon On 1st February 2012, restriction on import of CNG cylinders and kits was imposed by Government of Pakistan in view of government policy to discourage use of CNG as a fuel due to its short supply and ever procession demand.No importer is allowed to import CNG cylinders & kits up till now which is being restricted by SBP & custom authority. outside trade involves many risks because of different locations /countries of importer and exporter. Both the parties be doing their businesses in different countries where different laws & regulations apply and it is difficult to aligntle any dispute regarding goods quality and put upment crashment between importer and exporter. For safeguarding interest of both importer and exporter, backts involve in these transactions for smooth resolution between the parties. IMPORTERSAny body who imports the need goods into the country is called an importer. The importer has to pay the exporter for the value of goods in foreign exchange. Importers argon classified into three categories i) mercantile sector importer i-e. a household, institution, organization, person or group of persons registered as an importer is called commercial importer. ii) Industrial sector importer i-e. any industrial unit which is registered as importer comes at a lower place this category. iii) worldly concern sector importers i-e. the organizations owned by the government which import capital / consumer commodities as per their requirement.Usually, these organizations ar not registered as regular importer and their requests for opening letter of credit is routed with SBP. Letter of Credit (L/C) Letter of Credit is a scripted on a lower floortaking by a bevel given to the seller/exporter (beneficiary) at the request and instruction manual of the buyer/importer (applicant) to pay at sight or at a determinable future date a stated sum of money against the required documents. The documents include commercial invoice, certificate of origin, transport document relating to the mode of transport used (Airway Bill, Bill of Lading, Railway Receipt, Truck Receipt, etc. and other documents required as per price of letter of credit. Parties to Letter of Credit In documentary credit operations, maximum number of parties involved atomic number 18 as under i) Applicant (Opener of L/C) The applicant of a credit is an importer or buyer who requests his coast to issue documentary credit in favor of the seller /exporter. ii) Issuing Bank (Opening Bank) The issuance jargon is also called importers bank. At the request of the applicant, this bank issues the credit in accordance with the instructions of the applicant in favor of the exporter. The letter of credit is sent to the bank in the exporter/sellers country. ii) Advising Bank Advising bank is also known as transmitting or synonymous bank in the sellers country. Issuing bank forwards the advice of the credit by mail or by any means of tele-transmission (i-e. cable, telex, SWIFT, etc. ) to a correspondent bank where the beneficiary business exists. Normally, all L/Cs are sent via SWIFT i-e. Society for Worldwide International Financial Transactions. iv) Beneficiary (Seller or Exporter) The person or body receiving the letter of credit from the importer and/or in whose favor letter of credit is issued is called beneficiary. v) Confirming BankConfirming bank is the bank which at the specific request of the issuing bank adds its confirmation to a letter of credit. Adding confirmation constitutes a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in gain to that of the issuing bank. vi) Negotiating Bank Negotiating Bank is the bank which receives the documents against letter of credit as authorized bank. This bank has to give value for drafts and/or documents under L/C conditions. Negotiating Bank may or may not be the Advising Bank. This bank examines the documents against L/C, and if found in order, negotiates the documents and makes payment to the seller.The negotia ting bank dispatches the documents to the Issuing Bank claiming reimbursement from the bank as mentioned in the L/C and as agree between the devil banks. The Negotiating Bank should ensure before lodgment of reimbursement claim that all equipment casualty of letter of credit have been complied with. vii) Reimbursing Bank Reimbursing bank is the bank which, on behalf of the opening bank, honors the reimbursement claim lodged by the Negotiating Bank. MODES OF PAYMENT OF L/Cs There are four modes of payments of letters of credit as detailed under (i) L/C available by NegotiationIf L/C provides for negotiation to pay without recourse to drawers and/or bonafide holders in footing of credit. Negotiation means the payment of value for draft(s) and/or documents by the bank authorized to negotiate complying with the cost of L/C. (ii) L/C available by Acceptance In deterrent example the credit calls for a usance draft and is available by credence on the issuing bank, and the seller submi ts all the documents including usance bill of exchange to a nominated or another bank complying all the terms and conditions of the credit, the seller receives acceptance of the payment at maturity date.However, under a separate arrangement, he may get his usance draft discounted by the bank in order to meet his cash flow requirements. In such case, seller has to bear discount charges. (iii) L/C available by Sight hire If the beneficiary of letter of credit is to obtain payment immediately on display of stipulated documents, it is the sight letter of credit. In this case the exporter draws a sight or demand draft payable at the counters of the advising bank or the bank specified in the letter of credit.The draft is paid on presentation provided that all the other terms of L/C have been complied with. (iv) L/C available by Deferred Payment In this case, L/C opening bank has to effect payment after a distributor point specified in the L/C, calculated as to the number of days after the date of presentation of documents or after the date of shipment. Such L/C does not require drafts to be drawn or presented alongwith other documents. RETIREMENT OF DOCUMENTS When the documents are receive from foreign bank, L/C opening bank affixes Dak Received stamp and enters the same in Dak Received Register.The duplicate set of documents, received by the bank, is kept with original set of documents and duplicate should be separate from the original. The bank verifies that all the documents are received as specified in the forwarding schedule of the negotiating/exporters bank. firearm scrutinizing the documents, it is also ensured that all the documents have been received as per terms of L/C. The retirement of documents can be make by the following means Through debit to the customers account Through Trust Receipt Facility (FTR) offered by the bank. Through finance against Imported Merchandise (FIM)THROUGH DEBIT TO CUSTOMERS ACCOUNT In case customer/importer has sufficie nt funds to settle the bill, Cost Memo is hustling and amount in foreign currency is converted into Pak Rupees at Selling TT & OD rate of exchange. Any foreign correspondent charges and service charges are added to it. Customer issues cheque / authority letter to debit his account for bill amount plus mark-up and other charges. After receiving the amount, title documents are endorsed by two authorized signatories and the same are delivered to customer against proper acknowledgement.In case, importer has not sufficient funds to settle the bill, he can avail finance from bank to settle the claim. Credit facilities available to the importer are explained hereunder A. FUND BASED FACILITIES 1. FINANCE AGAINST TRUST RECEIPT (FATR) If customer desires to retire the documents through Trust Receipt facility, a request letter to this effect is obtained from him. In this case, bank releases documents of the goods to importer so that he may clear the goods from custom authorities. Payment is s ettled by the bank and reimbursement is make to foreign bank.The bank has lien on receivables in this case and importer repays the bank finance after cut-rate sale of the goods. Trust Receipt should not be allowed against utilization L/C unless specific approval from the authority is held. Following documents are obtained before releasing the documents on Finance Against Trust Receipt ? Letter of pass from the customer / importer ? Bill of Exchange duly accepted by the party ? Demand Promissory Note ? Trust Receipt ? Collateral (if any) as per square off approval ? Invoice ? Agreement of Mark-up The Trust Receipt facility can only be extended upto 45/60 days or as per terms of sanction. . FINANCE AGAINST IMPORTED MERCHANDISE (FIM) This is a sale transaction at a price mutually agreed upon between the bank and the importer. The sale price consists of value of goods or documents of title to goods and margin of profit. The sale price is payable by the buyer on deferred payment basis either in part or in lump sum. This facility is granted for a period of 60 days or as per sanction advice. Following documents are obtained from the party ? Letter of Request from the customer / importer ? Demand Promissory Note ? Letter of Indemnity for clearance of consignment ?Letter of Pledge ? Agreement of Mark-up This instance of facility is against pledge of imported stocks and its process / transaction flow is similar to that of Self-Liquidating Inventory Finance. TRANSACTION FLOW Goods imported through L/C, when reach the port in importers country, there is a process of releasing the goods from custom authorities. For this purpose Clearing Agents on the panel of bank. The alter agent after clearing the goods, transports the same via Goods Transport Companies to the destination of the importer. At importers business premises / factory, etc.Bank Muccadam is available to take over the custody of the goods as soon as these are received at the site. These goods are kept under pledge arrangement and bank takes effective control & possession of the imported goods. B. NON-FUND BASED FACILITIES 3. USANCE letter OF CREDIT This type of letter of credit is issued with a condition that payment will be do after some specified period of time i-e. one hundred eighty days, 365 days, etc. The bank undertakes to pay the exporter for the value of goods at some later date in order to facilitate the importer to arrange funds for settlement of the transaction. use of goods and services letter of credit is very useful facility in which importer not only avails the opportunity of time available to pay his liabilities but also he saves borrowing costs due to difference of LIBOR and KIBOR. At present KIBOR is upto 10% whereas LIBOR is ranging from 0. 5% to 1% for the last two to three years. In case of Usance L/C, the importer will have to pay the value of goods alongwith some additional profit/surcharge levied by the exporter (which is included in the Invoice Value) for a llowing repayment period to importer.Exporter will calculate this additional profit on transaction on the basis of LIBOR (0. 70%) instead of KIBOR (10%). In case importer avails the credit lines to settle the import bill from his local bank, he will bear the borrowing/financing cost on the basis of KIBOR which is far above than LIBOR. 4. SHIPPING GUARANTEE The exaltation guarantee is issued in favor of the local deportation agents for obtaining delivery order to clear goods from port / customer authorities in the absence of original shipping documents of L/Cs. This guarantee is issued on prescribed from provided by the shipping company.This guarantee is signed by the importer and counter-signed by the bank. Following documents are required from the customer at the time of issuance of shipping guarantee ? Letter of Request from the customer / importer ? Copy of Invoice ? Copy of Bill of Lading / transport document ? initialize of the shipping guarantee to be issued ? Counter guara ntee in favor of the bank duly signed by the customer ? Letter of undertaking regarding exchange rate fluctuation ? Undertaking to accept the draft in case of usance L/C ? Undertaking to accept all discrepancies in the documentsLiability under the shipping guarantee shall be reversed only after the surrender of the original bill of lading against which guarantee has been issued and the receipt of original guarantee from the shipping company. On receipt of original bill of lading, this is forwarded to the shipping company alongwith request to return the original guarantee. This facility is very short term nature normally 30 days. B. EXPORT FINANCE In order to strengthen its position in the international markets, Pakistan has to strive for improving its balance of trade by increase its exports.As such exports have been the top priority of the governments agenda to improve the position of foreign exchange earning of the country. Banks have a very meaning(a) role to play in trade activ ities of the country. Banks act as agents for both the importers and exporters and play important role in the development of countrys trade. While handling export transactions, Credit Manager and/or Export staff of the bank must always keep into consideration the following ? Export insurance Order of the government for the pecuniary year ?Guidelines/instructions of Export Promotion Bureau ? State Bank of Pakistan Foreign Exchange Circulars ? Banks Foreign Exchange Regulations and FEX circulars ADVISING OF EXPORT LETTERS OF CREDIT Letters of credit received from foreign banks are advised to the beneficiaries in Pakistan through L/Cs advising departments of the bank. all L/Cs received are carefully scrutinized for their authenticity adhering to the terms & conditions and complying with our Foreign Exchange Regulations and International laws & publications (UCP 500). FORM ENo person can export any goods from Pakistan unless he is duly registered as an exporter with Export Promotion B ureau under the registration Importer & Exporter Order 1952. Blank E Forms are issued to exporters, against written request, free of any charges. In order to export, the exporter will provide details on E form in respect of goods, amount of money, invoice value of goods, terms of sale, destination and name & address of the importer. This E form is the main document to calculate value of goods exported and is used to control the export of any item from Pakistan.CASE STUDY During October 2012, Government of Pakistan allowed export of 200,000 tons of sugar from Pakistan with a condition that one sugar mill can export maximum upto 10,000 tons of sugar. This maximum quantity of sugar (10,000 tons) exported by any single sugar mill to be controlled by the E Form submitted by the exporting sugar mill. In case of any effort of sugar mill to exceed export from 10,000 tons, SBP can very easily trace this from the record of E form available in its record. In the following paragraphs, we will discuss the types of financing available to exporter. . FOREIGN DOCUMENTARY BILLS PURCHASED AGAINST L/Cs This type of financing is referred to as Foreign Bills Purchased (FBP). except those documents are purchased which are negotiable and which conform to the terms of letters of credit. The documents are forwarded to the L/C opening bank and payment is received through banks foreign correspondents maintaining NOSTRO account in various currencies. Following documents are submitted by the exporter for negotiation ? Original Letter of Credit (L/C) ? Documents of title to goods (Bill of lading, Airway bill, etc. ? Bill of Exchange (B/E) ? Commercial Invoice ? Certificate of Origin ? Packing List ? Insurance Policy ? Any other document as per terms of L/C FBP is practical example of Factoring in which bank purchases the receivable of the client/exporter after making payment and takes the responsibility of collection of the receivable at its own end. The exporter transfers all rights of ownership of the documents to the bank and authorization to claim reimbursement from the L/C opening bank. This transaction is to be handled with extreme care, vigilance and diligence.All the financial and commercial documents are scrutinized as per terms & conditions of L/C. Documents after careful scrutiny are forwarded to the L/C opening bank and claim of reimbursement is made as well. On realization of the bill, FBP is settled /adjusted. 2. FOREIGN DOCUMENTARY BILLS FOR COLLECTION Financing against foreign bills is made on export bills which are drawn under Letter of credit and are sent for payment under documentary collection. This is a sale transaction at a price mutually agreed upon between the buyer (bank) and seller (exporter).The documents are sold to the bank and sale proceeds will be credited in the account of seller (exporter). This type of export finance is termed as Finance against Foreign Bills (FAFB). All other procedures of FAFB are similar to FBP except that under FAFB in the event of non-payment of the bill by L/C opening bank or importer, the exporter undertakes to repurchase the same documents at banks marked up price. FAFB is the practical example of lien on Receivables. 3. FINANCE AGAINST PACKING CREDIT (FAPC)Packing Credit is a sort of pre-shipment or pre-export finance, extended to prime & valued customers (exporters) against valid letter of credit / firm contract order. The finance is provided to the exporter for the following ? Purchase of goods ? Freight charges ? Clearing forwarding charges ? Export duty, etc. ? Packing requirements Finance against packing credit is granted for 180 days or upto the period the shipment of goods is affected whichever is earlier. Lien is marked on the Letter of Credit / Firm Contract in order to foil negotiation of documents.

Islamic Influences in the Philippines

Barter trade, equivalent exchange, and financial agreement, these words fall to the similar idea of agreeing to a direct amount of items to exchange between two or more parties. A very underrated type of business, but very effective in the world of today. lot see the world of business as a meaner to earn and make the most out of exchanges in order to buy more and more things for themselves, earlier than the idea of getting the most out of a certain item purchased or traded.Barter in the Philippines had first been recognized in the lower regions such as Gambling, Zebu and Taw-Taw. The Filipinos there would encounter numerous people from around the world but most commonly would be the Chinese and the Muslims. The Muslims would often be known to be trading spices and silk to the Filipinos for fruits and rice, which became a very common trade throughout time. With this more and more Muslims even styled and taught many Filipinos the concepts Enid Trade and Commence between countries an d cultures.Barter trade was an Muslim influence towards the Filipinos as it was a very common practice within the Middle East. Spices, Silk, Fruits, and Cattle were commonly traded among travelers in order to refill their stocks or to generate new items. More so, Barter was a way of life in the early civilizations due to the fact that it allowed surplus foods and items to be traded for more useful items. In modern day Taw-taw, Gambling and Zebu, barter trade practices can still be en throughout the shores and towns along the coasts.Many countries such as the neighboring Malaysia subscribe to found these cities to be a well loved tender to all their needs for trading. Studies show how even families have relatives from both the Philippines and Malaysia due to the trade pains between relationships of the trading parties. The naturalistic relationship of the neighboring countries has brought many influences into the Philippines. Barter trade being one of the many, such as theIslamic religion, the spices in meals and the use of silk in clothing to name a few, have been significant markers to the development of the Filipino Culture. Even as the Philippines has been colonized multiple times by Spain, Japan and the coupled States, it still is a known fact that the Islamic culture has made quite an indention on the culture that is of the Filipino. Reference http//pH. News. Yahoo. Com/Islamic-culture-barter-bind-Filipinos- Malaysian-134516022. HTML

McCarthyism and the Red Scare Essay

Have you ever had that moment in your life when you thought to yourself, Why would he do that, or why would that go? Well, that is just what many great deal thought roughly McCartyism and the Red scare after that time period had passed. The Red Scare was a point in time when many Americans believed that the uprising of collectivism would be among them. These waves of the Red Scare happened twice, once after serviceman War One, and the second time, which was more significant, after World War Two. During this time period many slew were extremely afraid of communism, so the ideals of McCarthyism rose up. McCartyism was named after Joseph McCarthy, who was the Senator of Wisconsin at the time. Joseph McCarthys actions, as well as The House Un-American Activities Committee, and Congress were not justified. It was breaking peoples Constitutional rights, ruining many peoples lives and careers, and because they interrogated hundreds and thousands of people who didnt even believe that c ommunism should exist in our country.One of the main reasons to prove that the actions during the Red Scare werent justified was because it broke people constitutional rights. During a speech Senator Margaret smith of Maine said this inspiring quote, The right to criticize The right to hold unpopular beliefs The right to protest the right of independent thought. Now, to some this might just prospect like a list of rights an American has. But to many, this is an inspiring quote of the things great about America and the things that McCarthy, Congress, and the HUAAC attacked. This shows that McCarthyism broke many of the rights that they as Americans had and deserved to keep. some other important reason why the actions of McCarthyism werent justified was that they ruined many peoples lives and careers. One group collected and published the names of people in the world of the arts and entertainment thought to be un-American in their politics (Picture seen in back). The most famous vic tims were able to successfully grapple off such attacks, but Red Channels, radio stations, werent destroyed for many years. Red Channels reported on possible Communists and they faked information in order to keep their stations alive. These Channels ruined and/or harmed many peoplescareers.The last major reason why all this was not justified is because they interrogated hundreds and thousands of innocent people who didnt even believe that communism should exist in our country. Refusal to cooperate with the HUAAC could ruin careers. If a witness refused to testify about past political associations, relying on the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the witness would be cited for contempt of Congress. The government would then prosecute the witness for criminal contempt of Congress. Some people were convicted and sent to federal prison for several years.Mcartyism was not justified because it broke many constitutional rights, ruined peoples careers, and led to a reconcile of pa nic throughout America. So next time your in a situation where you dont know what to do or what to say. Think about how it will mask others, not just yourself.

Alibaba Essay

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Short Story and Grace Paley

The brakes screech to a halt, the passengers topple over, and the child falls into a tragic death. In the short degree, Samuel, by Grace Paley, a young boy loses his life go engaging in a risky type of playtime with his pals. Although it is a terrible happening, it makes you first ask, Who is to knock? After reading the story thoroughly, it becomes very evident that the boys were taking a risk, ignoring authority, and acting foolish. These boys couldnt receive known what was going to happen, but they also did nothing to prevent this tragedy.The four little boys in the story of Samuel atomic number 18 taking part in a dangerous pastime, hopping back and forth between deuce subway cars. Although the story does not depict the age of the boys, we can infer that they are of a amenable age. If these children are old enough to be out on their own hopping train cars, with their parents aware, then they are old enough to know the risk factors. The boy knew that this was a daring act, bu t continued in his carefree actions. The reader can only assume that the four boys had as much responsibility for their well-being as their care includers did.The boys were just having fun, but there are times in life that the fun may be too costly. Alfred, Calvin, Tom, and Samuel were not aware of half of the things that could go wrong, but the older passengers, such as the mothers, could only imagine. At one point, an older lady tried to correct the kids, You boys will be hurt. Youll be killed. The boys ignored the wo realitys warning and laughed. If the kids would experience accepted their correction with respect, things might not have ended so brutally.After reading this passage, most of us can logically assume that this wasnt an intelligent pastime. Jumping trains and climbing walls is not the safest, nor smartest thing one can do. They had been warned by an adult of their actions. neither the forbidding woman, nor the man who pulled the emergency cord can be faulted. The wo man tried to settle the boys, and the mans intentions are not visible. A problem occurred when the boys became foolish and too playful. The boys were callow and made matters worse by not weighing consequences on an already careless act.By their lack of discipline, authority, and sense, Samuel fell to his previous(p) death that day. The blame can be placed upon many different characters, but only the boys could take full responsibility for their actions under the given circumstances. It is a heart-breaking story, but it is a tragedy that could have slowly been prevented.

Investigatory Projects Essay

An inquiring hold is basically any science experiment where you take d possess with an issue or problem and conduct research or an investigation to decide what you think the effect will be. After youve created your hypothesis or proposal, you elicit conduct a controlled experiment using the scientific method to arrive at a conclusion.What Kind of Investigatory Projects Are There?In secernate to conduct a great investigatory experiment, you baffle to ask an interesting disbelief and be commensurate to conduct an experiment that trick hopefully answer that oral sex. The harder and more intriguing the initial question is, the separate the resulting investigation and experiment will be. Ive listed a few examples below of some of the best investigatory experiments step up there, so hopefully youll have no problem coming up with an idea.Project 1 Making Soap Out of GuavaBasic hygiene should be available to every single, but what ab give away(predicate) mint who live in are as without easy access to grocery stores or pharmacies? This is a great question that makes you think about scientific alternatives to store-bought soap. Below is an example thrust that creates soap from guava twitch extract and sodium hydroxide, but theres no shortage of materials you fire procedure to switch the guava, like coconut oil or a fat like lard, butter or rase the grease from your kitchen.Project 2 Used Cooking Oil as a Substitute for diesel engineWe all know how lucrative the oil business is, but what if the next huge innovation in oil was sitting right inside your kitchen cabinet? With the high prices of regular gasoline and diesel fuel, the theory of creating a usable diesel fuel from household cooking oils is pretty exciting. Although creating diesel fuel out of cooking oils that will run a BMW may sound like a reach, it still makes for a great project. And who knows, maybe in doing this youll actually figure out what was missing from previous attempts. Bein g an nictitation billionaire doesnt sound too bad to me.Project 3 Create Another Alternative renderIf biodiesel isnt your forte, you hindquarters fork up making oxyhydrogen gas or creating hydrogen gas via electrolysis or vice versa, creating electricity from hydrogen gas.Project 4 Purifying Used Cooking OilSpeaking of oil, if you use it to cook, you know that a lot of it goes to waste. But what if you could clean that oil and use it over and over once again? Not only would that save money, but it would also benefit the environment since just about people do not properly dispose of used cooking oil (no, pouring it down the drain doesnt count). Your project goal would be to research methods of filtration or shade and test it on cooking oils. To considerably demonstrate which method works best, try cooking some food in the oil produced by each one. Good food erect go a long way when it comes to winning people over.Project 5 Alternative Methods of Producing Iodized SaltIn area s isolated from the sea, IDD or Iodine neediness Disease, is very common. Since these areas do not have easy access to marine foods or grocery stores, the people becomes very susceptible to the disease collect to a lack of iodine in the diet. In regulate to combat this, researchers and doctors have begun infusing iodine into regular table salts. If not iodine is readily available, it can be chemically made either with sulfuric acid and alkali metal iodide or hydrochloric acid and hydroxide peroxide. But perhaps there are other more accessible ways to create an process salt that people could make at home.Project 6 Making Biodegradable charge cardPlastic bags are actually illegal in Santa Monica, CA (and soon to be Los Angeles) because of their threat to the environment due to insane resistance to biodegradation. I didnt think they were that bad, but one plastic bag can take up to 1,000 years to break down completely, and it can until now ruin your car along the way. So, creating a better biodegradable plastic bag would be a huge achievement. The only question is how one would go about doing so, and what materials could be used? Thats the question you can answer for your project. This project used cassava starch as an effective component for a biodegradable plastic, but you could try using a few distinguishable starches and see what works best.Project 7 Solar irrigatePurificationOne of the biggest world problems is finding clean water. While we in the states can find purified or drinkable tap water almost anywhere, millions of people around the world dont have access to clean drinking water. A few students decided to investigate a potential purification process using the suns energy and an aluminum sheet. And if youre an overachiever, you can step it up a notch and try purifying pee instead.Project 8 Perfecting the Paper BridgeOf course, an investigatory project doesnt unendingly have to answer such grand questions. This experiment looks to discover how to pass on the strongest paper bridge by varying how the pieces are held together. So, the question is, How do design changes affect a load bearing structure?Project 9 Making Instant IceIts spend time and the degrees are already hitting triple digits in some areas. When its this hot, there are few things better than a glass of ice chilled water or lemonade. But what happens if you dont have ice? Can you create your own ice or cool drinks quickly by another method? Check out this clip from King of Random. Cool, huh? But how does it work? Is there any other way to replicate this? Well, let the investigation begin.Project 10 Increase the Shelf-Life of Fruits and VeggiesExtending the shelf-life of perishable fruits and vegetables can make a huge difference for small farmers, street-side vendors and even your average Joegroceries arent cheap. What is an inexpensive and slow accessible way to make produce stay fresh longer? Thats the question fanny this great investigatory science pro ject featured here. While these researchers heightened exclusively on chitosan cultivation on bananas, you can branch out (no pun intended) and try an assortment of other fruits, veggies and possible masking materials.Project 11 Slow the Ripening of Sliced or Chopped ProduceYou could also focus your project on keeping fruits and vegetables frombrowning after theyve already been cut up. There are various methods and materials you can use to slow down the ripening process, such as honey and lemon juice. Your project could revolve around finding the best option, and testing out some of your own browning-prevention solutions to see if you can come up with a better one.Project 12 Improve Memory by mentation DirtyIf my retention was any good I would be fluent in Spanish and never need to look up the Quadratic Formula again. But my problems are more superficial, like forgetting where I put my keys or what time my dentist appointment was supposed to be. There are folks out there who d o suffer from real retentivity problems, so figuring out how to help remedy memory makes for a great investigatory project. There are tons of studies on memory and memory loss that you can research. But for your investigatory science project, you will want to come up with your own hypothesis based on that information and test it out. Does using colors to form associations help with memory? Does linking an image with a memory increase its hold in the carriers head? What about drinking grape juice or sniffing rosemary?These are the types of questions you may look to answer. Project 13 Improving Social Anxiety by Manipulating the Body & Mind Science experiments dont always have to include chemicals or test tubes. The science of the listen can be just as interesting. So whats the investigation consist of? Can you truly affect the way you act and sprightliness by simply changing your posture? Does acting a certain way manipulate the mind drastically enough to actually change the way you feel?Project 14 Kitchen DNA filiationYou may think studying DNA is only for professionals with super expensive lab equipment, but you can actually extract DNA from any living thing with a few basic ingredients you in all likelihood have in your kitchen like dish soap and rubbing alcohol. Decide on something to vary, like different fruits and vegetables or types of dish soap, and come up with a hypothesis regarding which will allow you to collect the most DNA material.Project 15 Make Homemade Glue from MilkWith milk, white vinegar and baking hot soda, you can make your own glue right at home. Make it an investigatory project by changing up the recipe and testingwhich results in the strongest glue. You could also try varying the ingredients to make it run dry faster, or work on different materials (wood vs. plastic vs. paper).Project 16 Make a battery Out of Fruits and VegetablesHow can you power a small light or device without electricity? You can make a DIY battery with a fe w different types of fruits and vegetables. Anything from a lemon to an apple, potato, or even passion fruit will work. Pick a few different fruits or vegetables and form a hypothesis as to which will make the battery that puts out the most energy or lasts the longest. erstwhile youve built your batteries, hook up a volt meter to read the output and see which one is the best.